By the time you get around to reading this, the football World Cup would have already started. And hopefully the referees would have awarded a few penalty kicks by then as well. A penalty kick is by far the easiest way to score a goal in football. As Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner write in Think Like a Freak, “75 percent of penalty kicks at the elite level are successful.”
This article was originally published on August 16, 2014.