India has historically traded at premium multiples compared to other emerging markets (EMs). On price-to-earnings (P/E) multiple, currently, it is trading at about 83 per cent premium based on consensus estimates. India certainly has been, and is projected to be, amongst the fastest-growing EMs (20-year real GDP growth of 6.5 per cent). However, GDP growth or even earnings growth, in and of itself, does not warrant a premium multiple or deliver higher returns. For instance, China has grown faster (20-year real GDP growth of 8.2 per cent) for a long time and yet has consistently traded at a discount. Further, its equity market has underperformed that of India over long periods measured in decades.